Navigated Selection of Titanium Anode For PCB: A Comprehensive Guide
With the advancement of the times and the increasing requirements for thinner and lighter electronic products, circuit board manufacturing processes are also constantly improving. In recent years, titanium anodes have gradually been recognized and understood by more people in the PCB copper plating process. Compared with traditional phosphor copper balls, which continue to dissolve during use, titanium anodes remain stable in shape and do not undergo dissolution reactions during use, so they are called insoluble anodes, also called dimensionally stable anodes. With the improvement of product requirements, the requirements of PCB copper plating process are also increasing. Titanium anodes are gradually showing advantages over phosphor bronze balls, and are gradually replacing the market share of phosphor bronze balls.
What is PCB plating
PCB electroplating, that is, printed circuit board electroplating, refers to the process of covering the surface of the circuit board with a metal film. This metal film is usually made of conductive materials such as copper, nickel, and gold. It is designed to enhance the conductive performance of the circuit board and protect and beautify the circuit board. Through the electroplating process, the metal layer on the surface of the circuit board can be evenly distributed, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the circuit board.
Titanium anodes in different PCB fields
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Application areas |
Working condition system |
Titanium Anode Material Type |
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PCB plating |
PCB horizontal reverse pulse copper plating (copper sulfate iron-containing system) |
Special iridium titanium anode |
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PCB vertical continuous copper plating (copper sulfate system) |
Special iridium titanium anode |
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PCB gold plating (cyanide system) |
Platinum titanium anode |
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Extraction of copper by electrowinning with etching solution |
Alkaline etching solution |
Special iridium titanium anode, multi-component alloy titanium anode |
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Acid etching solution |
Special ruthenium titanium anode |
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Micro etching solution |
Special iridium titanium anode |
1.Titanium Anode For Vertical Continuous DC Copper Plating
Titanium Anode For Vertical Continuous DC Copper Plating
During the acid treatment of copper, special organic additives were introduced in the printed plate (PCB), which contributed to the thinness of the metal, copper is evenly distributed on the surface of the plate and has an excellent ability to fill holes. These additives should remain in optimal concentration to achieve their best functions and ensure the highest quality of products.
As for the vertical process of continuous copper coating (VCP line) biphenyl production, the dedicated titanium anode Ehisen not only provides excellent opportunities to reduce the consumption of media caused by the high liability biphenyl coating but also provides the best honey in the distribution of media coverage, reducing the high current density caused by the minimum thickness requirements. The precious metal coating provides effective catalytic activity, improves the efficiency of the coating, and shows a long anode life.
Parameters of Titanium Anode For Reverse Pulse Copper Plating:
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Product Name |
Titanium Anode for Vertical Continuous DC Copper Plating |
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Brand |
Ehisen |
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Electrolyte |
CuSO4·5H2O, H2SO4, Additives (carriers/levelers/brighteners) |
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Temperature |
20°C - 45°C |
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Current Density |
100-300 A/m2 DC |
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Anode Type |
Mixed precious metal (Iridium) oxide-coated titanium anode |
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Anode Lifespan |
More than one year (or customized according to customer requirements) |
2. Titanium Anode For Reverse Pulse Copper Plating
Titanium Anode For Reverse Pulse Copper Plating
Throwing power is increased by PCB copper reverse pulse plating, especially in items with a high aspect ratio. In vertical mode, it can run at current densities comparable to or higher than traditional DC, while in horizontal mode, it can work at current densities noticeably higher.
Often employed as pellets or balls, copper anodes generate particulate matter that needs to be filtered out of the solution since the plating solution needs to be free of this anode debris. To solve this problem, the soluble copper anode should be replaced by an insoluble anode, like a dimensional stable anode (DSA). The titanium substrate used in DSA anodes is typically covered in a layer of noble metals such as ruthenium, tantalum, iridium, or other platinum groups of precious metals.
Ehisen manufactures iridium-coated titanium anode for PCB reverse pulse copper plating which can operate under high current densities but not get passivated. It is made using a unique process and customized coating, which allows for uniform current production and an extended service life.
Parameters of PCB reverse pulsation copper plating:
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Copper ion source |
Horizontal pulse - Oxygen-free copper, Oxygenating pulse - Copper oxide powder |
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Electrolytes |
Horizontal pulses:CuSO4 -5H2 O, H2 SO4 ,Fe3+/Fe2+ Additives Oxygen separation pulses:CuSO4 -5H2 O,H2 SO4 ,Additives |
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Temperature |
20℃-50℃ |
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Current Density |
Positive pulse current 200-800A/㎡ Reverse pulse current 600-2400A/㎡ |
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Pulse frequency |
Adjustment according to actual working conditions |
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Anode type |
Specialized mixed precious metal (iridium) oxide-coated anode |
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Anode life |
Greater than one year (or custom design according to customer requirements) |
3. PCB Electroplating Etching Solution Titanium Anode
PCB Electroplating Etching Solution Titanium Anode
Etching is an important process in the production of printed circuit boards. After the circuit boards are aged, the etching solution contains a large amount of copper, which has a high recycling value. As the etching proceeds, the concentration of copper ions in the etching solution continues to increase. When it reaches 150g/L, the etching solution will lose activity. The mass concentration of the copper engraving mother liquor is generally around 100g/L. The two waste liquids can be used to recover copper separately or mixed to recover copper.
The Titanium Anode for PCB Electroplating and Etching Solution is designed specifically for the electroplating and etching steps in the manufacturing process of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). The choice of titanium anode is to provide superior corrosion resistance and stability, ensuring high-quality electroplating results in PCB production.
Parameters of PCB Electroplating Etching Solution Titanium Anode:
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About the treatment of etching waste liquid(sulfuric acid system) |
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Electrolytes |
Copper sulfate+sulfuric acid+oxidizer |
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Current Density |
500-1000A/㎡ |
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Temperature |
40-60°C |
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Time of use |
2 years |
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Ph value |
<1 |
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Main components |
IrO2+X |
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Advantages |
Corrosion resistance, long life, energy saving, high current density |
Click on the product list below for more product details
The economic benefits brought by titanium anodes in the PCB field
1.
After adopting the electroplating system of DSA-coated titanium anode, there is no need to use phosphor copper balls, but low-cost copper balls. At the same time, the recycled copper in production can also be used, which reduces the production cost and increases the production cost. Economic benefits.
2.
Add ferrous sulfate to the plating electrolyte, and the reaction at the anode becomes Fe2+ oxidation to generate Fe3+, thereby eliminating the escape of any oxygen on the anode surface and reducing the consumption of copper ions and other additives in the plating solution. Cost savings.
3.
The working voltage of the DSA anode is low, so the power consumption is small, which can save power consumption and reduce production costs
Product advantages of Ehisen titanium anodes
1.The anode does not dissolve and does not change its shape, ensuring even distribution of power lines and improving product uniformity.
2.Dynamically maintain the balance of copper ions to avoid fluctuations of copper ions in the electroplating solution (excessive dissolution of phosphor copper balls).
3.After the surface coating loses its activity, the titanium substrate can be reused.
4.It can work at larger current density, has high current efficiency, and has excellent service life.
5.Special low-consumption brightener coating ensures that the brightener consumption meets customer requirements.
6.Purer metals can be obtained, improving cathode quality.
Production Process of the Ehisen Titanium Anode
1
Substrate preparation:
The first step in our process is the careful selection of titanium substrates, which can be plates, sheets, meshes, or rods, according on the needs of the customer. This crucial stage establishes the anode's properties, guaranteeing endurance and optimum performance in a range of electrochemical applications.
2
Sandblasting Process:
By employing sophisticated sandblasting methods, we improve the substrate's surface area and texture, removing any remaining oxidation and guaranteeing a consistent, coating-ready surface. The careful preparation yields a matte finish that improves the electrochemical performance and adherence of the coating.
3
Laser Cutting
We shape titanium with unmatched precision using state-of-the-art laser technology, producing edges that are burr-free and maintain structural integrity and dimensional accuracy. Our anodes fulfill strict specifications and function dependably in challenging operating settings thanks to their precision.
4
Welding:
The final structure of the titanium is formed by our expert professionals using argon arc welding and spot welding, among other welding techniques. We provide optimal structural integrity, preventing deformations or fractures, and ensuring durability in service by customizing each technique to the specifications of the substrate.
5
Acid Pickling:
In the acid pickling step, substrates are submerged in an accurately measured solution of oxalic acid that has been heated to exact temperatures to ensure complete cleaning. A flawless substrate is left behind after this painstaking process eliminates all oxide coatings and contaminants, which is necessary for better coating adherence and performance.
6
Precious Metal Solution Preparation:
We customize precious metal solutions to the application environment of the anode, adjusting the blend to improve performance and increase longevity. Precise alignment with application requirements is ensured by this customized method, which also guarantees optimum performance in various electrochemical environments.
7
Titanium Electrode Coating Process:
With several passes, we apply valuable metals like ruthenium-iridium with precision, guaranteeing a consistent coating thickness of 8–10 μm. By improving electrocatalytic characteristics precisely, this coating guarantees uniform performance throughout the whole anode surface.
8
Sintering and Annealing:
Annealing is a methodical process that reduces hardness, relieves internal tensions, and refines grain structure after sintering in our specially constructed furnace. By improving binding strength and material endurance, this method guarantees that our anodes will fulfill the most stringent performance standards in the most demanding applications.
9
Quality Testing (Life Enhancement Test):
Strict industry standards are followed during the extensive testing that every anode goes through to verify performance and durability. We guarantee long-term operating stability and reliability through thorough examination, ensuring that our anodes perform above expectations in a variety of electrochemical settings.
10
Packaging:
Our anodes undergo rigorous quality control testing before being carefully packaged to preserve integrity during transit. Because of the careful packaging, our clients can be confident in our products and have peace of mind knowing that they will arrive in perfect shape, ready for deployment.
Coated Titanium Anode Operating and Maintenance Instructions
Ruthenium-iridium metal oxide-coated titanium anode (referred to as iridium MMO-coated titanium anode) should be installed under recommended electrolysis conditions.
Avoid oil or grease contamination of the iridium MMO coating.
The ruthenium-iridium MMO coating is a ceramic coating with a porous surface and a large specific surface area and has good electrochemical properties. Ruthenium-Iridium MMO is very easily scratched or damaged when a hard object rubs or knocks the surface.
A. It is prohibited to place the iridium MMO coating surface directly on the metal surface. Hard surfaces should be covered with protective paper or plastic film.
B. It is prohibited to drag or slide the Iridium MMO-coated surface on any hard surface.
C. If there is dirt or sediment on the surface of the ruthenium-iridium MMO coating, it is prohibited to use any abrasive mechanical means for cleaning. It is prohibited to use wire brushes, sandpaper, abrasive paper, or high-pressure water jets to clean the anode surface.
After the titanium anode is taken out of the electrolytic cell, it should be rinsed with water immediately. To prevent acid corrosion, the acid concentration is increased as the electrolyte dries out on the coating surface.
Titanium anodes that require long-term storage should be carefully packaged, such as inflatable plastic packaging materials, to avoid scratches or dust on the surface of the ruthenium-iridium MMO coating.
Coating the active part of the titanium anode with a ruthenium-iridium MMO coating allows current to pass through the titanium anode coating surface to the electrolyte, while the uncoated titanium surface remains inert. If the small-area iridium MMO coating is mechanically damaged and the titanium under the coating is in direct contact with the electrolyte, the titanium anode can still continue to work normally. Oxide film.
Always keep a certain distance between electrodes. An accidental short circuit between the titanium anode and the plated part can cause irreparable damage to the ruthenium-iridium MMO coating and can also damage the titanium substrate. In the event of a severe short circuit, the titanium anode will be completely destroyed.
As long as the titanium anode is immersed in or in direct contact with the electrolyte, the titanium anode must be in an anodized state. If the titanium anode is not energized, a low positive voltage can be applied to the titanium anode. This simply applies 2 volts between the anode and cathode without using a power source and a lot of current. Iridium MMO coated titanium anodes must not be in electrode reversal at any time.
The content of lead, iron, barium and other impurities in the electrolyte should be controlled. This does not create large amounts of anode deposits. Anode deposits can clog the titanium anode surface and cause uneven anode current distribution.
Organic additives are added to the electrolyte. Different additives will have different effects on the life of the titanium anode. The life of iridium MMO-coated titanium anodes can be significantly shortened by additives or the addition of oxides with synthetic properties.
FAQ
FAQ
01.Why is titanium mesh used for PCB plating?
02.What MMO coating is best for PCB VCP/HCP systems?
03.What current density is used in PCB copper plating?
04.Why do PCB anodes need reinforced edges?
05.Can worn PCB titanium anodes be recoated?
06.Why do some PCB lines use tube anodes?
07. What mesh opening size is suitable for PCB copper plating?
08. What causes “burning” or dark copper deposits?
09. Why is Ru-rich MMO not recommended for PCB?
10. Can PCB anodes be used in acidic copper electrolyte?
11. What lifetime is typical for PCB MMO anodes?
12. Why does anode voltage increase over time?
13. What is the recommended thickness for PCB titanium mesh?
14. Why do plating factories prefer flattened mesh?
15. Why does anode surface whiten after long use?
16. Can MMO be used for reverse-pulse copper plating?
17. Why do PCB anodes sometimes deform?
18. Can PCB lines use Pt-coated anodes?
19. How to improve plating uniformity using anodes?
20. Can copper precipitation damage MMO?
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500+
Global customers
2000+
Factory land occupation
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Machining Center
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Detection Process
Dimensional Test
Grain Size Test
Plate Tensile Test
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Three-coordinate Optical Measuring Machine
CMM
Anode Strengthening Life Test
Anode Composition Test
Why Choose Us
ADVANCED EQUIPMENT
Ehisen has multiple processing equipment to quickly provide products to customers
Perfect sales service:
Ehisen provides you with one-stop non-ferrous metal production, processing, after-sales, and other supporting services
Quality advantage:
Strictly control quality, guaranteed quality, and high processing precision
Price advantage
High-cost performance, all products are produced independently
Complete Manufacturing Proficiency
Top-notch titanium items covering all grades are offered in a range of forms, such as plates, flanges, rods, bolts, and tube fittings.
Personalized Solutions for Titanium Anodes
Our unique, near-net-shape titanium fabrication services can help you achieve greater value from your titanium anodes.
Confidentiality advantage:
After signing a confidentiality agreement, non-relevant personnel cannot enter the workshop at will, making proofing more secure.
Economical Production Solutions
Discover specialized, affordable manufacturing options for an extensive array of titanium items. Our LOW MOQ ensures excellent quality at an affordable price.
As one of the leading titanium anode for pcb manufacturers and suppliers in China, we warmly welcome you to buy or wholesale bulk high purity titanium anode for pcb at competitive price from our factory. Contact us for quotation and free sample.
Titanium Anode for Copper Recovery From Etching Solution, , Titanium Anode for Vertical Continuous Plating