Products Description
The lead dioxide titanium anode is based on titanium material. It is acid-etched on the titanium substrate, plated with a tin-antimony oxide base layer using thermal decomposition method, and then plated with an α-PbO2 intermediate layer using an alkaline solution. Then, an acidic composite plating solution is used to prepare a fluorine-containing β-PbO2 surface layer doped with active metals and high adsorption performance particles, and a new titanium-based lead dioxide electrode is obtained.
Products parameters
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Substrate | Gr1/Gr2 Titanium |
| Coating Type | Lead dioxide |
| Dimension & Shape | Plate, mesh, rod, or customized |
| Voltage | < 1.13V |
| Current Density | < 3000A/M^2 |
| Work Time | 80-120 hours |
| Noble Metal Content | 8-13g/㎡ |
| Coating Thickness | 1-15μm |
Products characteristic
1. The battery voltage is lower than that of lead-based anode: 0.05V-0.1V;
2. The electrode is relatively light and easy to operate.
3. Long service life, 1-2 times that of lead-based alloys.
4. The TiO2 nanoparticle coating is well combined with the substrate, giving it higher anti-corrosion performance and longer service life;
5. High current density and high production efficiency;
6. Various sizes and shapes can be customized according to actual needs;
7. After the electrode loses activity, the substrate can be coated repeatedly, saving material costs.
Products Formation
Several plating solutions for electroplating lead dioxide have been proposed, including those based on alkaline lead tartrate, neutral lead perchlorate, and acidic lead nitrate. A lead nitrate bath is preferred because it can be easily controlled over long plating cycles and gives high quality deposits over a relatively wide range of operating conditions.
Typical bath composition ingredients are:
Lead Nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 250-350 gal
Copper nitrate, Cu(-NO3)2'H,O 1.5-4.0gpl
*Surfactant 0.5-2.0gpl
*Nonionic types of alkylphenoxypolyoxyethylene ethanols are preferred, such as "Igepal CO-880" (trademarked by General Dye Corporation).
Copper nitrate is added to inhibit lead deposition on the cathode, which can be carbon, graphite, or copper. Suitable surfactants ensure that lead dioxide is deposited with high strength, density and surface smoothness. Other additives such as nickel nitrate and sodium fluoride have also been proposed. Regular additions of 35% hydrogen peroxide are said to help maintain anodizing efficiency above 85%. By adding n-amyl alcohol to the used battery effluent, regeneration of the plating bath can also be achieved to maintain the production of high-quality lead dioxide deposits. n-pentanol removes residual surfactant and its altered products in the separated liquid layer by decanting. A fresh amount of surfactant is then added to the regenerated plating solution.
The pH value of the initial plating solution is about 3.5. During the anodic lead dioxide plating process, the pH value is usually controlled in the range of 2 to 4 by frequently adding lead oxide. Strong, dense lead dioxide deposits 2.5 cm or more thick can be obtained by operating the bath at an anodic current density of 0.016 to 0.032 A/cm2 (15 to 30 A/sq. ft.) and a temperature of 70'C things. Impurities in the plating bath, such as iron or cobalt compounds, can significantly reduce the strength, density and surface smoothness of the lead dioxide deposit.
In acidic nitric acid baths, it is difficult for lead dioxide deposits to form on the surface of iron or steel substrates due to the dissolution of alkali. This dissolution effect can be minimized by maintaining bath pH at 4 or higher. By carefully controlling the pH of the plating bath between 2 and 4, nickel is a satisfactory anode substrate. Anode substrates that are essentially independent of bath acidity are tantalum, platinum-coated tantalum, carbon, and graphite. Tantalum metal as a base for electroplating also has the advantage that during subsequent electrolysis with a lead dioxide anode, the tantalum polarizes rapidly and then acts as an inert, non-corrosive filler. Other metal bases, such as nickel and steel, gradually dissolve during electrolytic use of lead dioxide anodes.
Nodular deposits are most likely to form on linear or rod-shaped cores or bases. When a flat rectangular anode is required, deposits can be formed on both sides of a screen or expanded metal mesh. In this case, closely spaced inert, non-conductive baffles around the anode edge allow nodule-free deposits to be formed within tight dimensional tolerances.
Products application
application
1. Used for chromium plating, hard chromium plating in strong acidic solutions such as chromic acid, and for manufacturing tin-free thin steel plates in the steel industry.
2. Chromate treatment. Steel plate surface treatment, metal products chromate treatment.
3. Preparation of inorganic compounds such as chromic acid, perchlorate, periodate and so on by electrolysis. Wastewater is purified through electrolytic oxidation so that chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) meet emission standards.
4. Electrolytic oxidation of organic compounds synthesized by pickling and electrolysis.
5. Electrolytic production of ozone requires electrode materials with high oxygen overpotential.
6. Wastewater treatment. Purify COD, BOD and other organic compounds through electrolytic oxidation.
Precautions for using lead oxide electrodes
Precautions
Safety Equipment:
When handling lead oxide electrodes, always wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including gloves and goggles, to minimize the risk of exposure.
Avoid physical damage:
Handle lead oxide electrodes with care to prevent physical damage or breakage, which may release lead particles into the environment.
Proper storage:
Store lead oxide electrodes in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. Make sure they are stored separately from incompatible materials to prevent chemical reactions.
Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use a fume hood when working with lead oxide electrodes to minimize inhalation of any potential fumes or dust.
Avoid ingestion:
Never eat, drink, or smoke near lead oxide electrodes and wash your hands thoroughly after handling electrodes to prevent ingestion of lead particles.
Proper Disposal:
Follow local regulations regarding the disposal of lead oxide electrodes and any materials contaminated during use. Never dispose of them in regular trash.
Regular maintenance:
Check lead oxide electrodes regularly for signs of wear or damage and replace as necessary to ensure safe and effective use.
Training:
Ensure that personnel using lead oxide electrodes are adequately trained in safe handling and disposal.
ehisen
our company
We also provide customized services for your project, including:.
Size and Shape:
We can customize anode sizes and shapes to precisely fit your specific application or system.
01
Substrate:
While the primary material is lead dioxide, we are willing to explore different substrate materials to fine-tune anode performance to your requirements.
02
Current Density:
Depending on your application, we can tailor the design to operate at different current densities.
03
Coating Thickness:
Our advanced manufacturing capabilities allow us to carefully control the thickness of the PbO2 layer, ensuring optimal performance and longer service life.
04
Connector Types:
We offer a variety of connector types and can customize them to work seamlessly with your setup.
05
We are committed to providing custom lead dioxide anode solutions that are driven by the unique needs of your project. Contact us today to discuss how we can help you achieve your electrochemistry goals.
fAQ
do you have any question?
What is the anode of lead?
In a lead-acid battery, the cathode is made of lead-dioxide, and the anode is made of metallic lead. The two electrodes are separated by an electrolyte of sulfuric acid. As the battery charges, the sulfuric acid reacts with the lead in the anode and cathode to produce lead sulfate.
How is a lead dioxide anode prepared?
A lead dioxide anode is made using 1/2 inch diameter graphite rod as substrate as described in Example 1. The plating solution has the following composition. The anode is plated at an anode current density of 1.0 A/in. for 10 minutes followed by plating another 50 minutes at a current density of 0.5 A/in. 2.
Why is lead an anode?
Lead anode is commonly used to place it in a device as a component for electro winning cells. In these devices, the anodes conduct high densities of electrical currents, and come in the form of finger-like rods. Additionally, lead anodes are highly resistant to corrosion from seawater.
How is anode produced?
The anodes used in aluminium smelting process are made by mixing petroleum coke with coal tar pitch (binder) to form a paste with a doughy consistency. Recycled anode butts are also used as filler aggregates and added to the mixture of coke and pitch.
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